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PART II.
THE THIRD STAGE.
Accompanied by Great-Heart - the Cross -
justified by Christ - Sloth and his companions hung - the hill Difficulty - the
Arbor
Accompanied by Great-Heart
he INTERPRETER then called for a manservant of his,
one GREAT-HEART, and bade him take sword, and helmet, and shield. "And take
these my daughters," said he, "and conduct them to the house called Beautiful,
at which place they will rest next." So he took his weapons, and went before
them; and the INTERPRETER said, "God speed!" Those also that belonged to the
family sent them away with many a good wish; so they went on their way, and
sung:
"This place has been our second stage:
Here
we have heard and seen
Those good things that, from age to age,
To others
hid have been.
The Dunghill raker, Spider, Hen,
The Chicken, too, to
me
Hath taught a lesson: let me then
Conformed to it be.
The Butcher,
Garden, and the Field,
The Robin, and his bait--
Also the Rotten
Tree--doth yield
Me argument of weight:
To move me for to watch and
pray;
To strive to be sincere;
To take my cross up day by day,
And
serve the Lord with fear."
Righteousness
ow I saw in my dream, that they went on, and
GREAT-HEART went before them; so they went and came to the place where
CHRISTIAN'S burden fell off his back and tumbled into a sepulchre. Here, then,
they made a pause; and here also they blessed God. "Now," said CHRISTIANA, "it
comes to my mind what was said to us at the gate; to wit, that we should have
pardon by word and deed: by word, that is, by the promise; by deed, to wit, in
the way it was obtained. What the promise is, of that I know something; but what
is it to have pardon by deed, or in the way that it was obtained? Mr.
GREAT-HEART, I suppose you know? wherefore, if you please, let us hear your
discourse thereof."
Great-heart. Pardon by the deed done is pardon
obtained by some one for another that hath need thereof; not by the person
pardoned, but in the way, saith another, in which I have obtained it. So, then,
to speak to the question more largely, the pardon that you and MERCY and these
boys have attained was obtained by another: to wit, by him that let you in at
the gate. And he hath obtained it in this double way: he has performed
righteousness to cover you; and spilt blood to wash you in.
Chris. But if he parts with his
righteousness to us, what will he have for himself?
Great-heart. He has more
righteousness than you have need of, or than he needs
himself.
Chris. Pray make that appear.
Great-heart. With all my heart; but first I
must premise that he of whom we are now about to speak is one that has not his
fellow. He has two natures in one person--plain to be distinguished, impossible
to be divided. Unto each of these natures a righteousness belongs; and each
righteousness is essential to that nature. So that one may as easily cause the
nature to be extinct, as to separate its justice or righteousness from it. Of
these righteousnesses, therefore, we are not made partakers so as that they, or
any of them, should be put upon us that we might be made just, and live thereby.
Besides these, there is a righteousness which this Person has, as these two
natures are joined in one. And this is not the righteousness of the Godhead as
distinguished from the Manhood, nor the righteousness of the Manhood as
distinguished from the Godhead; but a righteousness which stands in the union of
both natures, and may properly be called the righteousness that is essential to
his being prepared of God to the capacity of the mediatory office which he was
to be intrusted with. If he parts with his first righteousness, he parts with
his Godhead; if he parts with his second righteousness, he parts with the purity
of his Manhood; if he parts with this third, he parts with that perfection that
capacitates him to the office of mediation. He has, therefore, another
righteousness which stands in performance, or obedience to a revealed will: and
that is it that he puts upon sinners, and that by which their sins are covered.
Wherefore he saith, "As by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by
the obedience of One shall many be made righteous".
Chris. But are the other righteousnesses of no use to us?
Great-heart. Yes; for though
they are essential to his natures and office, and so cannot be communicated unto
another, yet it is by virtue of them that the righteousness that justifies is,
for that purpose, efficacious. The righteousness of his Godhead gives virtue to
his obedience; the righteousness of his Manhood gives capability to his
obedience to justify; and the righteousness that stands in the union of these
two natures to his office, gives authority to that righteousness to do the work
of which it is ordained.
So then, here is a righteousness that Christ, as
God, had no need of, for he is God without it; here is a righteousness that
Christ, as man, has no need of to make him so, for he is perfect man without it;
again, here is a righteousness that Christ, as God-man, has no need of, for he
is perfectly so without it. Here, then, is a righteousness that Christ, as God,
as man, as God-man, has no need of with reference to himself; and therefore he
can spare it,--a justifying righteousness, that he, for himself, wants not, and
therefore he gives it away. Hence 'tis called "The gift of
righteousness".
This righteousness, since Christ Jesus the Lord was made
himself under the law, must be given away; for the law doth not only bind him
that is under it to do justly, but to use charity: wherefore he must--he ought
by the law--if he hath two coats, to give one to him that hath none. Now our
Lord indeed hath two coats, one for himself and one to spare; wherefore he
freely bestows one upon those that have none. And thus, CHRISTIANA, and MERCY,
and the rest of you that are here, doth your pardon come by deed, or by the work
of another man. Your Lord Christ is he that has worked, and has given away what
he wrought for to the next poor beggar he meets.
But again, in order to
pardon by deed, there must something be paid to God as a price, as well as
something prepared to cover us withal. Sin has delivered us up to the just curse
of a righteous law. Now from this curse we must be justified by way of
redemption, a price being paid for the harms we have done; and this is by the
blood of your Lord, who came and stood in your place and stead, and died your
death for your transgressions.
Thus has he ransomed you from your transgressions by blood,
and covered your polluted and deformed souls with righteousness. For the sake of
which God passes by you, and will not hurt you, when he comes to judge the
world.
Chris. This is brave. Now I see that there was something to be learnt by our
being pardoned by word and deed. Good MERCY, let us labour to keep this in mind;
and, my children, do you remember it also. But, Sir, was not this it that made
my good CHRISTIAN'S burden fall from off his shoulder, and that made him give
three leaps for joy?
Great-heart. Yes, 'twas the belief of this
that cut those strings that could not be cut by other means; and 'twas to give
him a proof of the virtue of this that he was suffered to carry his burden to
the cross.
Chris. I thought so; for though my heart was lightsome and joyous before, yet
it is ten times more lightsome and joyous now. And I am persuaded by what I have
felt, though I have felt but little as yet, that if the most burdened man in the
world were here, and did see and believe as I now do, 'twould make his heart the
more merry and blithe.
Great-heart. There is not only comfort and
ease of a burden brought to us by the sight and consideration of these, but an
endeared affection begot in us by it. For who can, if he doth but once think
that pardon comes--not only by promise, but thus--but be affected with the way
and means of his redemption, and so with the Man that hath wrought it for
him?
Chris.
True; methinks it makes my heart bleed to think that he should bleed for me. O
thou loving One! O thou blessed One! Thou deservest to have me; Thou hast bought
me. Thou deservest to have me all; Thou hast paid for me ten thousand times more
than I am worth. No marvel that this made the water stand in my husband's eyes;
and that it made him trudge so nimbly on. I am persuaded he wished me with him;
but, vile wretch that I was, I let him come all alone! O MERCY, that thy father
and mother were hear; yea, and Mrs. TIMOROUS also! Nay, I wish now with all my
heart that here was MADAM WANTON too. Surely, surely their hearts would be
affected; nor could the fear of the one, nor the powerful lusts of the other,
prevail with them to go home again, and to refuse to become good
pilgrims.
Great-heart. You speak now in the warmth of
your affections; will it, think you, be always thus with you? Besides, this is
not communicated to everyone; nor to everyone that did see your Jesus bleed.
There were that stood by, and that saw the blood run from his heart to the
ground: and yet were so far off this, that instead of lamenting, they laughed at
him; and instead of becoming his disciples, did harden their hearts against him.
So that all that you have, my daughters, you have by a peculiar impression made
by a divine contemplating upon what I have spoken to you. Remember that 'twas
told you, that the hen, by her common call, gives no meat to her chickens: this
you have, therefore, by a special grace.
The End of Simple, Sloth and Presumptionow I saw, still in my dream, that they went on
until they were come to the place that SIMPLE and SLOTH and PRESUMPTION lay and
slept in when CHRISTIAN went by on pilgrimage; and behold, they were hanged up
in irons a little way off on the other side.
Mercy. Then said MERCY to him that was their
guide and conductor, "What are those three men? and for what are they hanged
there?"
Great-heart. These three men were men of very bad qualities: they had no minds to be
pilgrims themselves; and whomsoever they could they hindered. They were for
sloth and folly themselves; and whoever they could persuade they made so too;
and withal taught them to presume that they should do well at last. They were
asleep when CHRISTIAN went by; and now you go by, they are
hanged.
Mercy. But could they persuade any to be of their opinion?
Great-heart. Yes, they turned
several out of the way. There was SLOW-PACE that they persuaded to do as they.
They also prevailed with one SHORT-WIND; with one NO-HEART; with one
LINGER-AFTER-LUST; and with one SLEEPY-HEAD; and with a young woman--her name
was DULL--to turn out of the way and become as they. Besides, they brought up an
ill report of your Lord, persuading others that he was a taskmaster. They also
brought up an evil report of the good land, saying 'twas not half so good as
some pretend it was. They also began to defame his servants, and to count the
very best of them meddlesome, troublesome busybodies: further, they would call
the bread of God, husks: the comforts of his children, fancies; the travel and
labour of pilgrims, things to no purpose.
Chris. "Nay," said CHRISTIANA, "if they were
such, they shall never be bewailed by me; they have but what they deserve, and I
think it is well that they hang so near the highway, that others may see and
take warning. But had it not been well if their crimes had been engraven in some
plate of iron or brass, and left here, even where they did their mischiefs, for
a caution to other bad men?
Great-heart. So it is, as you well may
perceive, if you will go a little to the wall.
Mercy. No, no; let them hang, and their names
rot, and their crimes live for ever against them. I think it a high favour that
they were hanged afore we came hither: who knows else what they might have done
to such poor women as we are?
Then she turned it into a song,
saying:
"Now then, you three, hang there, and be a
sign
To all that shall against the truth combine;
And let him that comes
after fear this end,
If unto pilgrims he is not a friend.
And thou, my
soul, of all such men beware,
That unto holiness opposers are."
The
Hill of Difficultyhus they went on till they came at the foot of the
hill Difficulty; where again their good friend, Mr. GREAT-HEART, took an
occasion to tell them of what happened there when CHRISTIAN himself went by. So
he had them first to the spring. "Lo," saith he, "this is the spring that
CHRISTIAN drank of before he went up this hill, and then 'twas clear and good;
but now 'tis dirty with the feet of some that are not desirous that pilgrims
here should quench their thirst".
Thereat MERCY said, "And why so envious trow?" But said
their guide, "It will do, if taken up, and put into a vessel that is sweet and
good; for then the dirt will sink to the bottom, and the water come out by
itself more clear." Thus, therefore, CHRISTIANA and her companions were
compelled to do. They took it up and put it into an earthen pot, and so let it
stand till the dirt was gone to the bottom; and then they drank
thereof.
Next he showed them the two byways that were at the foot of the
hill, where FORMALITY and HYPOCRISY lost themselves. And said he, "These are
dangerous paths; two were here cast away when CHRISTIAN came by. And although,
as you see, these ways are since stopped up with chains, posts, and a ditch, yet
there are those who will choose to adventure here, rather than take the pains to
go up this hill."
Chris. "The way of transgressors is
hard".
'Tis wonder that they can get into those ways without danger
of breaking their necks.
Great-heart. They will venture; yea, if at any
time any of the King's servants doth happen to see them, and doth call unto
them, and tell them that they are in the wrong ways, and do bid them beware of
the danger: then they will railingly return them answer, and say, "As for the
word that thou hast spoken unto us in the name of the King, we will not hearken
unto thee: but we will certainly do whatsoever thing goes out of our own
mouths," etc.
Nay, if you look a little farther, you shall see that these
ways are made cautionary enough; not only by these posts, and ditch, and chain,
but also by being hedged up: yet they will choose to go
there.
Chris. They are idle, they love not to take pains; the uphill way is unpleasant
to them. So it is fulfilled unto them as it is written: "The way of the slothful
man is a hedge of thorns".
Yea, they will rather choose to walk upon a snare, than to
go up this hill and the rest of this way to the city.
Then they set
forward, and began to go up the hill, and up the hill they went; but before they
got to the top, CHRISTIANA began to pant, and said, "I daresay this is a
breathing hill; no marvel if they that love their ease more than their souls
choose to themselves a smoother way." Then said MERCY, "I must sit down"; also
the least of the children began to cry. "Come, come," said GREAT-HEART; "sit not
down here, for a little above is the Prince's arbour." Then took he the little
boy by the hand, and led him up thereto.
When they were come to the
arbour, they were very willing to sit down; for they were all in a pelting heat.
Then said MERCY, "How sweet is rest to them that labour! And how good is the
Prince of pilgrims to provide such resting places for them!
Of this arbour I have heard much; but I never saw it before.
But here let us beware of sleeping; for as I have heard, that it cost poor
CHRISTIAN dear."
Then said Mr. GREAT-HEART to the little ones, "Come, my
pretty boys, how do you do? what think you now of going on pilgrimage?" "Sir,"
said the least, "I was almost beat out of heart; but I thank you for lending me
a hand at my need. And I remember now what my mother has told me, namely, 'That
the way to heaven is as up a ladder; and the way to hell is as down a hill.' But
I had rather go up the ladder to life, than down the hill to death."
Then
said MERCY, "But the proverb is, 'To go down the hill is easy.'" But JAMES said
(for that was his name), "The day is coming when, in my opinion, going down hill
will be the hardest of all." "'Tis a good boy," said his Master; "thou hast
given her a right answer." Then MERCY smiled; but the little boy did
blush.
Chris. "Come," said CHRISTIANA, "will you eat a bit, a little to sweeten your
mouths, while you sit here to rest your legs? For I have here a piece of
pomegranate which Mr. INTERPRETER put in my hand just when I came out of his
doors; he gave me also a piece of a honeycomb and a little bottle of spirits."
"I thought he gave you something," said MERCY, "because he called you aside."
"Yes, so he did," said the other; "but, MERCY, it shall still be as I said it
should, when at first we came from home; thou shalt be a sharer in all the good
that I have, because thou so willingly didst become my companion." Then she gave
to them, and they did eat, both MERCY and the boys. And said CHRISTIANA to Mr.
GREAT-HEART, "Sir, will you do as we?" But he answered, "You are going on
pilgrimage, and presently I shall return; much good may what you have do to you.
At home I eat the same every day."
STAGES.
